Assuming you’ve passed the first steps of getting your resume to the right person and that they want to interview you, the next step is to schedule your first round interview. You will typically have one or two back-to-back 30 minute interviews. If you are interviewing to be an Analyst, you will often meet with Associates and/or VPs and if you are interviewing for an Associate position, you will probably meet with VPs and/or Directors. At some banks, especially bulge brackets, one of the first round interviewers might be someone from the HR department. If you are from out-of-town, your first round will probably be a phone interview.
If your first round interviews go well, then you will be invited to meet with more bankers on site. In total, you might meet with anywhere from four to twelve or more bankers over one or two days. You will probably meet with bankers at all different levels (Associate to MD for an Analyst position, VP to MD for an Associate position), including the head of the group with which you are interviewing. If all goes well with the additional interview rounds, then someone (either HR or a banker) will let you know that you will be receiving an offer.